Orchard Place Child Guidence Center PACE Juvenile Justice
(515) 697-5700
www.orchardplace.org
620 8th Street
Des Moines IA 50309

Celebrity Services

Mix of mental health and substance abuse services
Services Provided: Substance abuse treatment
Type of Care: Outpatient, Partial hospitalization/day treatment
Special Programs/Groups: Adolescents, Persons with co-occurring mental and substance abuse disorders

Gynecology

Obstetrics and gynecology are the two surgical–medical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs in their pregnant and non-pregnant state, respectively, and as such are often combined to form a single medical specialty and postgraduate training program. This combined training prepares the practicing OB/GYN to be adept at the surgical management of the entire scope of clinical pathology involving female reproductive organs, and to provide care for both pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Gynecology is a branch of medicine specializing in the disorders of the female reproductive system. Modern gynecology deals with menstrual disorders, menopause, infectious disease and development of the reproductive organs, disturbances of the sex hormones, benign and malignant tumor formation, and the prescription of contraceptive devices. A branch of gynecology, reproductive medicine, deals with infertility. It utilizes artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilizations, a human egg fertilized in a test tube, and then implanted into the womb. Some gynecologists also practice obstetrics. Surgical gynecology began to make progress in the 19th cent., when the introduction of anesthesia and antisepsis (see antiseptic) paved the way for many advances. The American physician J. M. Sims was largely responsible for gaining acceptance of gynecology as a medical and surgical specialty. Until then there had been opposition to it on moral grounds from midwives, the clergy, and the medical profession. Obstetrician/gynecologist is a physician specialist who provides medical and surgical care to women and has particular expertise in pregnancy, childbirth, and disorders of the reproductive system. This includes preventative care, prenatal care, detection of sexually transmitted diseases, Pap test screening, and family planning. An obstetrician is a medical doctor who specializes in the management of pregnancy, labor, and birth. They also receive specialized education in the health of the female reproductive system and surgical care. Much of their education focuses on the detection and management of obstetrical and gynecological problems. An obstetrician/gynecologist, commonly abbreviated as OB/GYN, can serve as a primary physician and often serve as consultants to other physicians. OB/GYNs can have private practices, work in hospital or clinic settings, and maintain teaching positions at university hospitals. OB/GYNs may also work public health and preventive medicine administrations. OB/GYNs have a broad base of knowledge and can vary their professional focus. Many develop unique practices, providing high-quality health care for women. OB/GYNs may choose to specialize in the following areas: An obstetrician closely monitors their patient's health during pregnancy and delivery. They diagnose fetus abnormalities or health issues of their patient and offer healthy living advice and treatment. They see their patients on a regular basis for health consultations, ultrasounds, and any of their patient's prenatal medical needs, including forming a birth plan. The frequency of a patients' check up often depends on risk factors and resources.

Drug Abuse Crime Connection

It is easy to see the connection between drug abuse and crime. Drug abuse is criminal in the following ways: drug possession or sales; to drug abuse e.g., stealing to get money for drugs; and a drug abuse lifestyle that predisposes the drug abuser to engage in illegal activity, like associating with other offenders or dealing in illicit markets. Individuals who use illicit drugs are more likely to commit crimes and it is common for individuals who had used drugs or alcohol to commit many offenses, including violent crimes.
After a nationally representative survey of state correctional agencies in 2005, Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ–DATS) investigators estimated that nearly 8 million adults were involved in the justice system (Taxman, Young, Wiersema, et al., 2007). Almost 5 million individuals are on probation or under parole supervision (Glaze and Bonczar, 2006; Taxman, Young, Wiersema, et al., 2007), with drug law violators accounting for the largest percentage of these parolees. The substance abuse or dependence rates of offenders are more than four times that of the general population (National Institute of Justice, 2003; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006). In a 2004 survey, the Bureau of Justice Statistics BJS estimated that about 53 percent of state and 45 percent of federal prisoners met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for drug abuse or dependence (Mumola and Karberg, 2006). Of those surveyed, 14.8 percent of state and 17.4 percent of federal prisoners reported having drug treatment since admission (Mumola and Karberg, 2006). Juvenile justice systems also report high levels of drug abuse. A survey of juvenile detainees in 2000 found that about 56 percent of the boys and 40 percent of the girls tested positive for drug use at the time of arrest (National Institute of Justice, 2003).
Although there has been an increased interest in providing substance abuse treatment services for criminal justice offenders, in the last decade, only a small percentage of offenders have access to adequate services, especially in jails and community correctional facilities (Taxman, Perdoni and Harrison, 2007). Not only is there a gap in the availability of these services for offenders, but often there are few choices in the types of services provided. Treatment is of insufficient quality and intensity or is not well suited to the needs of offenders and may not yield meaningful reductions in drug use and recidivism. Untreated substance abusing offenders are more likely to relapse to drug abuse and return to criminal behavior than treated offenders. Relapse can bring about re-arrest and re-incarceration, jeopardizing public health and public safety and taxing criminal justice system resources. Treatment offers the best alternative for interrupting the drug abuse/criminal justice cycle for offenders with drug abuse problems.
Drug abuse treatment can be incorporated into criminal justice settings in a variety of ways. These include treatment as a condition of probation; drug courts that blend judicial monitoring and sanctions with treatment; treatment in prison followed by community-based treatment after release; and treatment under parole or probation supervision. Actual drug abuse treatment efficiency can benefit from the cross-agency coordination and collaboration of criminal justice professionals, substance abuse treatment providers and other social service agencies. By working together, the criminal justice and treatment systems can optimize resources to benefit the health, safety and wellbeing of the individuals and communities they serve.